Children Of The Sea By Edwidge Danticat Analysis - 998 Words

‘Children of the Sea’ is a harrowing story written by Edwidge Danticat, a Haitian-American woman who expresses her personal trauma and horrors through her literature. ‘Children of the Sea’ opens with an undisclosed man writing a letter to his beloved as he travels across the sea from his home, where is lover is also writing letters directed to him. The letters they write to one another dictates the plot and reveals the two unnamed narrators lives. Danticat expresses the mutual heartbreak between the two separated lovers and explores such trauma and pain with deep reflection and undertones towards her own trauma in regards to her life in Haiti, and her journey to America. Though to best understand the trauma within Danticat’s writing, we†¦show more content†¦Rather than exploring lighter tones in her stories, she can only express herself through trauma. Let’s now explore what methods Danticat uses to explore such literary clichà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s within ‘Children of the Sea’. Danticat uses a considerable amount of symbols within her writing to dictate the suffering within. One example of such symbolism is Danticat’s implementation of butterflies. Danticat uses such symbolism to suggest the understanding of harsh realities. An example of this understanding is the female narrator and her theory behind butterflies. She believes they are able to send messages, both good and bad. An example of such is seen in the application of the black butterfly at the end of ‘Children of the Sea’. â€Å"†¦and then there it was, the black butterfly floating around us. I began to run and run so it wouldn’t land on me, but it had already carried its news.† (Danticat, 1996). Upon seeing the black butterfly and having it land on the female narrator, she comes to the realisation that the male narrator has died. Another application of symbolism in ‘Children of the Sea’ is the constant references to water within the story. Dantica t uses the imagery of water to suggest the limitations of the characters’ worlds. Such allegory relates toShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Edwidge Danticat s The Children Of The Sea 915 Words   |  4 Pagesovercome pain and sorrows or we break down waste our lives. Edwidge Danticat present the theme of suffering in each of her stories. In all the stories the characters have to go through pain, but they all over come it in different ways. This is true in real life too. in the children of the sea that characters suffer but the outcome is that, in 1937 the outcome is inner peace, and My outcome is discovering myself. In the story The Children of the Ssea, the characters have to go through pain in the

The Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings Speech

Opening Statement and Thesis In the most paramount time of racism in America, there a voice that enacted a call for change. Martin Luther King was a Baptist minister and social activist who spent countless years, fighting for a civil rights. It was on the date of August 28th, 1963, on the steps of the Lincoln memorial is where King made his leap of faith and spoke out on the injustice of African Americans. His dream for African Americans to be equal, appealed to the emotions of his audience. The desire to live a civil life and not be oppressed was felt by many. Martin Luther King delivered a speech that would immensely make an impact on the country. Summary and background Martin Luther King introduces his speech by acknowledging the†¦show more content†¦King also introduces his speech with an acknowledgement to Abraham Lincoln who issued the Emancipation Proclamation that liberated african americans. The speech as a whole, establishes a logos because African Americans are human just like Whites, and should not be mistreated due to their skin color. Appearances should have an effect on your basic human rights. A clear mind with no sense of haterade would agree that it is imperative that every citizen in a free country should have the equal rights. Discuss how MLK, through acknowledgement of authority, uses appeals to ethos â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.† -MLK. He adverted to the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincolns declaration to liberate black slaves in America. He then quotes from the Declarations claim of the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. With several references to biblical passages, Christian verses, and God, King develops his credibility by including generally held religious beliefs into his speech. Breakdown of Pathos and logos Logos makes an appeal on logic, cause and effect, and facts to stand with the argument. King uses figurative language when speaks of the promissory note drawn on the American bank of justice is a logical appeal. Blacks, specifically slaves, were not included in the agreement of the Constitution and the Declaration, as King mentions in this statement:Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings Speech955 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr delivered one of the most influential speeches in American history. America was in the thick of the Civil Rights Movement, and Martin Luther King Jr desperately wanted to mend the deep tear in our country. King stood on the Lincoln memorial, and impacted the nation with his words. King spoke about the injustices of segregation and discrimination of African Americans that was taking place in the United States at that time. In his first statement King wroteRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1230 Words   |  5 Pages Rhetorical Analysis Essay on Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech Professor Hailemarkos Worke ENGL 102 Sefra Belay September 29, 2017 Rhetorical Analysis Essay In Washington DC, on August 28, 1963 was the day that Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his â€Å"I have a dream† speech. According to Kennedy X.J., et al. in their book, The Brief Bedford Reader, Martin Luther King was an American Baptist minister who became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech724 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis M.L.K â€Å"I have a dream† Speech On August 28th 1963, Civil Rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. made his infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. In the speech, King confronts the mistreatment of the African American community and the lack of free will they contain in society. Throughout the mid-1900s, the Civil Rights Movement took place, influenced by centuries of cruelty towards the African Americans.. The most influential speech in the modern era was said in front of thousands ofRead MoreRhetorical Situation Analysis of Martin Luther Kings Dream Speech744 Words   |  3 PagesWashington D.C., Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered a 17-minute public speech to over 200,000 supporters of the Civil Rights Movement. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was a response to continued racial bias nearly 100 years after the end of slavery and a call to action, meant to unify the country in the fight to end segregation. King used his time at the historic event to urge Americans, of all races, to work toge ther throughout the country to ensure equality for all citizens. Though King’s delivery ofRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech852 Words   |  4 Pagesmesmerizing speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. It was delivered to the thousands of Americans on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington. Aimed at the entire nation, King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice towards the mistreated African Americans and to stand up together for the rights afforded to African American under the Constitution. To further convey this purpose more effectively, King cleverly makes use of the rhetorical devices — ethosRead More Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech987 Words   |  4 PagesIn a period of time where few were willing to listen, Martin Luther King, Jr. stood proudly, gathered and held the attention of over 200,000 people. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was very effective and motivational for African Americans in 1963. Many factors affected Kings’ speech in a very positive manner; the great emotion behind the words, delivering the speech on the steps of the memorial of the President who defeated slavery. And not only was this message beautifully writtenRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech810 Words   |  4 Pages Martin Luther King’s speech was made after the March on Washington on August 28, 1963. He delivered the â€Å"I Have a dream† speech on the Lincoln Memorial steps. He verbalized this speech to millions of people blacks and whites. This is one of the greatest speeches because it has many elements like repetition, assonance and consonance, pathos, logos, and ethos. Repetition in M.L.K.’s Speech Martin Luther King uses a lot of repetition in his speech. They are scattered throughout but veryRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1409 Words   |  6 Pages More than 40 years ago, in August 1963, Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous ‘I Have A Dream’ speech, dramatically delivered from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. His soaring rhetoric demanding racial justice and an integrated society became a mantra for the black community and is as familiar to subsequent generations of Americans as the US Declaration of Independence. His words proved to be a touchstone for understanding the social and political upheaval of the timeRead More Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1751 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was made to thousands of people at the Washington Monument while facing the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. Dr. King called upon Americas to consider all people, both black and white, to be united, undivided and free. His rhetoric harkened back a hundred years past when the Emancipation Proclamation was enacted during Abraham Lincoln’s term as president which abolished slavery and allowed all people living in America to be equal and have equalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech delivered by Martin Luther King, Jr. at the historic March in Washington in August 1963 effectively urged the US government to take actions and to finally set up equality between the black and white people in America. Although there were many factors that contributed to the success of the speech, it was primarily King’s masterly use of different rhetorical instruments that encouraged Kennedy and his team to take further steps towards racial equality. King effectively

Imagery in Night free essay sample

In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, it is nineteen forty-four and nearing the end of World War 2. Eliezer, a young Jewish boy living in Sighet, Transylvania, is captured by Nazi soldiers and is shipped of to the notorious death camps. Eliezer, along with his family and the rest of the Jewish community, undergoes extreme trials of pain and suffering. Despair eventually becomes a common feeling and theme in the book and the images portrayed in the novel are the cause of it; Eliezer’s exposure to them changes him physically and mentally. The images of despair within the concentration camps physically change everyone who is exposed to them, including Eliezer. As the story continues the concentration camps introduce newfound horrors. From murder to relentless torture, the images are graphic and grotesque. In one instance Eliezer witnesses the burning of newborn babies, â€Å"A truck drew close and unloaded its hold: small children. We will write a custom essay sample on Imagery in Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Babies! Yes, I did see this, with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames†(32). These experiences drive the Jewish prisoners to the point of exhaustion. Eliezer is physically tormented through the backbreaking work and various other things. In one instance Eliezer is called to receive a lashing, â€Å" I no longer felt anything except the lashes of the whip. ‘One! . . . Two! . . .’ he was counting†(57). He willing lets himself become physically tormented and his experiences with pain cause him to feel despair. He also explains the effect of these events, he says, â€Å"At last, the morning star appeared in the gray sky. A trail of indeterminate light showed on the horizon. We were exhausted. We were without strength, without illusions†. He shows how everyone is shattered from the their time in the concentration camp. That they have no strength and are overall physically broken from their time spent in the camps. Not just overall willpower is affected but appearance as well. Towards the end of the book Eliezer says â€Å" I had not seen myself since the ghetto. From the depths of the mirror, a corpse gazed back at me. The look in his eyes, as they stared into mine, has never left me†(115). The time at the concentration camps and the images of death and despair have turned Eliezer into a shell of his former self. He is physically like a â€Å"corpse†, bearing no resemblance to himself prior to his exposure to despair. Despair has not only a physically effects on the people but heavy mental effects as well. The disturbing images of misery and hopelessness affect everyone; one example of this is a scene where Eliezer witnesses a lynching of a small boy. He says, â€Å" There was a young boy, a pipel, as they were called. This one had a delicate and beautiful face- an incredible sight in this camp†¦ But the third rope was still moving: the child, too light, was still breathing Behind me, I heard the same man asking ‘For Gods sake, where is God? ’ and from within me, I heard a voice answer ‘Where He is? This is wherehanging here from this gallows ’†(63, 65). The pipel boy was hung in this scene and it shows how Eliezer is starting to or already has given up hope. His faith in God is dwindling by the day, as he is constantly forced to watch the horrible acts before him bringing about a theme of helplessness and despair that changes his mental state. Another instance of this is when a man talking to Eliezer says I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises, to the Jewish people†(78). Because of despair, everyone around him is giving up hope and accepting their fate. They abandon their hope and accept what is happening and what will happen. After Eliezer’s time in the camps, he returns a broken and bleak person. His will has been broken and the images of despair he has experienced will remain with him for the rest of his life. Despair is a very powerful emotion and can be caused and shown by imagery. Despair can destroy a persons pride and willpower and this is what happens to Eliezer throughout the novel.

London 2 free essay sample

London London began on two little spots of dry land in the center of a fen on the north bank of the Thames. That was long before the Romans came. In Roman times it was named Londinium, and was already a booming Centre of trade. Since so London has grown and grown in political and military importance, in trade and wealth. After the pestilence of 1665 and the Great Fire of London of 1666, much of London was rebuilt under the way of Christopher Wren. The Industrial Revolution ( 18thcentury ) and the coming of the railwaies ( mid. 19th) accelerated its growing. Much was destroyed by air foraies in the Second World War, and rebuilding has given parts of London a new perpendicular, geometrical facet. It is a multiracial metropolis with big population groups from former British Empire. Today London covers a greater country than any other metropolis in the universe. London has approximately eight million dwellers, and it is the capital of England, Great Britain, the United Kingdom and the former British Empire. London is one of the biggest ports in the universe, though it is situated far from the sea. It stands on the river Thames, about fourty stat mis from its oral cavity. London is traditionally divided into several parts: the City, the West End, Westminster and the East End. The City of London The City of London is the commercial and fiscal bosom of the UK. The City is approximately the London of the Middle Ages. It is about one square stat mi in country and merely a few thousand people live here. But about half a million people come here to work during the twenty-four hours. The Stock Exchange, the Royal Exchange, the Bank of England are all situated in the City. The Tower of London and St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedral are the chief sights located in this territory. The Tower of Londonwas founded by William the 1stin 1078. Originally it was a fortress, so a prison, a castle, and now it is a museum lodging the national Collection of Armour, the Crown Jewels and the Royal Regalia. The Imperial State Crown is exhibited in the Tower. It contains about three thousand cherished rocks ; its weight is about 16 kg. The eyeball and the sceptres represent the power of the monarchy that you can experience everyplace here. The Royal Scepter has the largest cut diamond in the universe # 8211 ; the 530 carats Star of Africa. The Tower was the eyewitness of the most tragic and bloody events in British History. Edward the Fifth and his brothers, Charles Stuart, Queen Elizabeth the Fitst, Thomas More, Guy Fawkes and many other outstanding Englishmans and adult females were among the Tower # 8217 ; s captives. The Tower is still guarded by the Yeoman Warders, the celebrated yeomans, who wear a traditional 16thcentury Tudor uniform. Modern Yeoman Warders ( of whom there are about fourty ) are still members of the Queen # 8217 ; s escort and are all former warrant officers from Her Majesty # 8217 ; s Forces. Today the yeomans combine their traditional function with the function of the ushers. Aboard with the yeomans, for many centuries the Tower has been guarded by the Corvus coraxs, and these birds are a symbol of the Tower. There is a fable that every bit long as the Corvus coraxs are in the Tower, Britain will be. Fortunately, these respected occupants, since the reign of King Charles the Second, have been protected by the royal edict. The Corvus coraxs are cared for by one of the Yeoman Warders called the Ravenmaster. The wings of the bird are now clipped to forestall them from winging off. The ancient ceremonial of the Keys takes topographic point every dark at 10 p.m. and attracts many tourers. At this ceremonial, a version of which has been performed every night for 100s of old ages, the outer Gatess of the Tower are locked and the keys are delivered to the Resident Governor of the Tower. St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedralis besides in the City of London. It is a chef-doeuvre of the well-known English designer Sir Christopher Wren. The old edifice of the Cathedral, founded in 604 and rebuilt several times, was unhappily in demand of fixs and Christopher Wren was called on to transport out the fixs and alternations. But he was prevented from making this by the pestilence and the Great Fire of London of 1666 that destroyed the cathedral. Merely eight old ages subsequently, after the ruins were cleared off, the new work was begun. It took Wren 35 old ages to construct the Cathedral. When he died he was buried in St. Paul # 8217 ; s. The Cathedral represents inspiration, beauty and workmanship on a expansive graduated table. The architectural manner of St. Paul # 8217 ; s is called Baroque, which combines authoritative lines with a strong sense of dynamic motion. The dome of the Cathedral is 365 pess high ; it is the 2nd largest in the universe, following to St. Peter # 8217 ; s in Rome. Beneath the dome there is the famed Whispering Gallery, called so because a susurration against the wall can be heard on the opposite side # 8211 ; about 42 meters off. Among the many commemorations to celebrated work forces within the Cathedral are the grave of the Duke of Wellington ( the Victor of Waterloo ) and Admiral Nelson ( the hero of Trafalgar ) . St. Paul # 8217 ; s Cathedral is still a topographic point of regular Christian services, baptisms, nuptialss, and particular services # 8211 ; some of national importance, for illustration, the nuptials of the Prince of Wales to the Lady Diana Spencer. Westminster For about one thousand old ages Westminster has been the place of Britain # 8217 ; s authorities, and for most of that clip the place of its sovereign. Westminster, intending the monastery to the West, is a portion of London where the Queen # 8217 ; s abode, the Prime Minister # 8217 ; s abode and the authorities offices are situated. That is a # 8220 ; territory of power # 8221 ; . The Houses of Parliament, or Westminster Palace, is situated on the bank of the Thames, near Westminster Bridge. Edward the Confessor, England # 8217 ; s king from 1042 to 1066, chose Westminster as the site for his royal castle. Since that clip the castle has been rebuilt many times. Almost every English sovereign altered the edifice in some manner. In 1265 Westminster Hall, the largest hall in Europe at that clip, which was added by the boy of William the Conqueror, was the scene of England # 8217 ; s first parliament. From the 14thto the 19thcentury the hall was used chiefly by the King # 8217 ; s Courts of Law. Westminster remained in usage as the royal abode, where Parliament besides met, until the 16thcentury, when Henry VIII in 1512 moved his abode to Whitehall and so to St. James # 8217 ; s Palace. In 1834 most of the Parliament edifices were destroyed by a fire. The Houses of Parliament were rebuilt by Sir Charles Barry in the late Perpendicular Gothic manner. The House of Lords and the House of Commons were ready by 1850. The Commons Chamber, nevertheless, was once more destroyed during an air foray in 1941. There are two large towers in the modern edifice: at the western terminal of the edifice is the Victoria Tower, completed in 1860, under which is the Sovereign # 8217 ; s Entrance, built for the one-year ceremonial State Opening of Parliament. At the eastern terminal is the Clock Tower, completed in 1858, so good known that it has become a symbol of London. The Tower is 320 pess high and its clock is said to be one of the most accurate in the universe. The other name of the Clock Tower is Large Ben. Actually it is the name of the clock bell called so after Sir Benjamin Hall, overseer of plants when the clock was installed. The bell # 8217 ; s weight is about 13 dozenss. Big Ben chimes the hours to notes from Handel # 8217 ; s music. Westminster Abbeyis situated non far from Westminster Palace. It is the main church of England ( St. Paul # 8217 ; s is the main church of London ) . Westminster Abbey is first mentioned in a papers of the 10thcentury. Originally there was a monastery or a church at that place. In the 11thcentury Edward the Confessor rebuilt it. Nothing of this church remains. The contemporary edifice was begun by Henry VIII ( 13thcentury ) , and from that twenty-four hours on extensions and alterations in the Westminster Abbey continued for many centuries, the last major add-on is the fa # 231 ; fruit drink of the 18thcentury. Despite the scope of clip it covers, the Westminster Abbey is a harmonious whole in the English Gothic manner. It is non merely architecture that makes Westminster Abbey one of the most popular topographic points in London. The Westminster Abbey is besides a museum of memorials and commemorations to the great work forces of the yesteryear. Here are solons, scientists, philosophers. In Westminster Abbey the British sovereigns are crowned and many are buried. Literary work forces are gathered in Poet # 8217 ; s Corner, among them Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, William Thackeray, Rudyard Kipling. Those who have commemorations here, although they are buried EL sewhere, include William Wordsworth, John Keats, Percy Shelley, Robert Burns, William Blake, Jane Austen, sisters Bronte , William Shakespeare. Scientists buried in the Abbey include Newton, Darwin, Kelvin. Near the Abbey # 8217 ; s west door is one of the best known commemorations in the church, the grave of the Unknown Warrior whose organic structure was brought from France and buried here in 1920. The grave commemorates those who were killed during the First World War, 1914-1918, and whose topographic point of entombment is unknown. The lettering on black marble includes the sentence # 8220 ; They buried him among the male monarchs because he had done good toward God and toward his House # 8221 ; . BuckinghamPalaceis besides in Westminster. It is the official London abode of the royal household. The castle is a gray rock edifice. The winging Royal Standard over the Palace proclaims that the Queen is in the Palace. The edifice of the castle was constructed in the 18thcentury for the Duke of Buckingham, and was called Buckingham House. King George III was greatly admired by the castle and bought it as a household place in 1762 for 28 000 lbs. In the 19thcentury the celebrated designer John Nash enlarged the castle and gave it a expansive archway, called the Marble Arch, which was subsequently moved to Hyde Park, because it turned out to be excessively narrow for the royal manager. The first sovereign to populate in Buckingham Palace was Queen Victoria. The latest alteration as made in 1913, when Sir Aston Webb rebuilt the fa # 231 ; fruit drink of the edifice in the neoclassical manner. The populace is admitted into the castle to see the Royal Equus caballuss and managers and the Queen # 8217 ; s gallery. The ceremonial called Changing of the Guard takes topographic point every forenoon in forepart of Buckingham Palace and lasts about 30 proceedingss. This ceremonial is a symbol of the most glorious traditions of the British monarchy. In forepart of the Gatess of Buckingham Palace there is theQueen Victoria Memorial. Victoria was greatly loved by her topics who placed a memorial in her honor in forepart of the castle from which she ruled the state for more than 60 old ages. The immense memorial made of marble and bronze was erected in 1901. Buckingham Palace facesSt. James # 8217 ; s Park, one of the most beautiful Parkss of London. The park is celebrated for its nice lakes where all sorts of waterfowls find a place. The park extends from Buckingham Palace to Whitehall, one of the chief streets of London.The Cenotaph, the memorial to those killed during the universe wars, is in Whitehall. The # 8220 ; empty tomb # 8221 ; is a Grecian word significance # 8220 ; an empty grave # 8221 ; . It looks like a field obelisk. Whitehallhas besides become the Centre for authorities offices, most of which day of the month from the 18thcentury and subsequently, among them are the Home Office, the Foreign Office, The War Office every bit good as the abode of the British Prime Minister in Downing Street. The house at figure 10 was given to Robert Walpole by George the Second in 1732. The West End The West End is a portion of London where people go to make shopping and entertain themselves. The most expensive and epicurean London stores, hotels, eating houses, theaters and films are in the West End # 8211 ; in Oxford Street, Bond Street, Regent Street. The best London museums and galleries are located in the West End. Trafalgar Squareis situated in the West End excessively. Trafalgar Square was completed in 1841. It commemorates the great conflict, which Admiral Nelson won in 1805 against the Franco-Spanish fleet ; Nelson himself lost his life in the conflict. The tall granite column, 1445 pess high, in the Centre of the square is dedicated to Nelson. The statue of the admiral is on the top of the column. At the base of the column are four tremendous king of beastss, typifying the power of Britain. Two big fountains with bluish H2O adorn the square. Trafalgar Square is the topographic point for assorted presentations. The National Galleryandthe National Portrait Galleryare to be found in Trafalgar Square. The National Gallery was founded in 1824 with merely 38 pictures. Now it contains one of the best in the universe aggregations of European pictures including the chef-doeuvres of Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Raphael, Rembrandt, Van Gogh and others. The present twenty-four hours edifice was built in 1839. The National Portrait Gallery contains over 9000 portrayals of British outstanding work forces and adult females from the 16thto the twentiethcentury. It is a gallery of great people, non great creative persons. English pictures and modern European and American Art can be seen inthe Tate Galleryoverlooking the Thames. The gallery was opened by Sir Henry Tate, the sugar refiner, in 1897. The pictures by celebrated English creative persons Turner, Blake, Constable, Hogarth, Gainsborough and the sculptures by Rodin and Epstein are exhibited here. The British Museumis one of the richest in the universe. Behind its classical fa # 231 ; ade lies one of the universe # 8217 ; s most fabulous hoarded wealth shops. The museum was founded in 1753 with a aggregation of books, manuscripts, pictures, old-timers donated by Sir Hans Sloane, physician of George II, on status that 20 000 lbs was paid to his girl on his decease. The aggregation expanded in 1757 when King George II presented the museum with the royal Library, a aggregation of books gathered by the male monarchs and Queenss of England from Tudor times. The modern edifice of the Museum was constructed in 1852 divine by the classical Greek manner. Among the museum # 8217 ; s best known antiquities are Grecian sculptures from the Parthenon in Athens, the Egyptian Rosetta Stone dating from 196 BC, a aggregation of gold and silverware of the Renaissance period. The British Museum # 8217 ; s Library contains over six million volumes. South Kensingtonis a portion of the West End which is sometimes called London # 8217 ; s museumland. In the 19thcentury this country was developed as a cultural Centre on the enterprise of Prince Albert ( Queen Victoria # 8217 ; s hubby ) . There are four big museums:the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Geological Museum and the Science Museum. The Victoria and Albertis a museum of all right and applied humanistic disciplines of all states, manners and periods. The museum exhibits scope from armor to watercolor and woodwork. A must for many tourers to London is a visit toMadameMarie grosholtz # 8217 ; s, the bittersweets museum where the figures seem even more existent than the masters. A two-storeyed house inBaker Streetattracts detective narrative lovers from all over the universe. This is the house where, harmonizing to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the celebrated investigator Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson lived. The house was turned into a museum in 1990. Hyde Park is the largest in London. It was one time the belongings of Westminster Abbey. Then the park was a wood in which the sovereign hunted cervid, wolves and bears, James I opened the park to the populace. Modern Londoners like to take long walks over the park # 8217 ; s grassy inclines, go siting at that place. Or else, they go to the Speaker # 8217 ; s Corner, where on Sundays speechmakers of all kinds stand up and speak of anything at all. Piccadilly Circusis a little irregularly shaped square, which is considered to be the Centre of London. There is an old tradition harmonizing to which the British citizens should run into on this topographic point at least one time in their life-time. The Statue of Eros is in the Centre of the square. The West End is besides known as # 8220 ; theatreland # 8221 ; . There are more than 50 theaters in London. They range in size from the bantam May Fair ( 310 ) to the elephantine Coliseum with its capacity of 2 352. The oldest theater is Drury Lane ( 1663 ) . One of the newest is the National Theatre, opened in 1976 and uniting three theaters under one roof. Covent Garden is the universe # 8217 ; s celebrated London # 8217 ; s Opera House. The Globe Theatre is still the topographic point where Shakespeare # 8217 ; s dramas are staged. Until late London # 8217 ; s two chief concert halls were the Royal Albert Hall and the Royal Festival Hall. In 1982 a new art Centre # 8211 ; the Barbican was opened by the Queen. It is the largest art composite in Europe with the largest concert hall, an art gallery, several exhibition halls and eating houses. The East End The East End is the poorest portion of London and the industrial Centre of the capital. Most of London workss, mills, docks are situated in the East End. Workers live here. The streets here are narrower and dirtier but the stores are inexpensive. Peoples who live in the East End call themselves cockneys. The word # 8220 ; Cockney # 8221 ; is a reasonably broad term, intending # 8220 ; a true Londoner # 8221 ; . Cockneys have their ain peculiar idiom, their ain bends of phrase, Proverbs and their ain speech pattern.

Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama

Introduction Many authors have used racism as an important theme in American literature. Many books, poems and other literary works have attempted to portray racism in different ways. However, narratives based on personal experience seem to be one of the best ways of portraying the challenges that being black creates for Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The books â€Å"Dreams from my father† by Barack Obama and Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† provide some of the best examples of using personal narratives to portray the evils of racism. Although written at different historical times, they portray the challenges created by virtue of being a black person in the US. What challenges did racism have in the social and career li ves of Obama and Douglass? Challenges in early life From the two narratives, it is evident that both authors were able to overcome racism and its challenges to become famous people, although at different times and in different ways. On his part, Frederick Douglass was born Frederick Bailey in 1818 as a slave child in Maryland. He worked as a slave in several farms in Maryland. He mainly received self-education through his contacts with some educated and freed blacks before escaping to New York and eventually settling in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Eventually, he became a popular anti-slavery and human rights activist. He used his literary skills and public speaking to mobilise people against the evil. On his part, Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham of Kansas and Barack Obama Sr., a PhD student from Kenya. In his narrative, Obama portrays his first-hand experience with racism as he struggled to fit in an American society, access education, establish a law and po litical career to become the first African-American president of the US (Atwater 126). According to Douglass, beatings, physical torture and other cruel practices were typical of slavery during his childhood. In fact, he says that this was â€Å"†¦a common custom in the farms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglas 942). For instance, as a child, he wondered why his aunt was beaten mercilessly for â€Å"falling in love†. On the other hand, Obama did not face such challenges, but bullying in school and neighbourhood, especially by white children and neighbours, was common.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Education According to the two narratives, the challenge of being black comes early in life. During his childhood, Frederick Douglas remained enslaved in the farms. While white children were in good schools, Douglass and other black children had to work on the farms. The white fa rmers took the advantage opportunity of making it hard for slave children to access education. This made the blacks more and more ignorant. White children would be sent to the best schools to improve their future careers. According to the narrative, it was a custom for the white farmers to keep their slaves ignorant in order to perpetuate slavery. Douglas quotes Master Hugh â€Å"†¦ education can spoil the ‘best nigger’ (slave) in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass 46). As a child, Douglas did not receive the right education. Instead, he had to educate himself. This is comparably different from the case of Barack Obama. During Douglass’s era, slavery had not been abolished. In addition, education was yet to be made compulsory. Education was for the whites, wealthy people and freed blacks. On the other hand, Obama did not receive such challenges because education was a basic right during his childhood and slavery had long been abolished. Nevertheless, Obamaâ €™s narrative shows some evidence of similarly with Douglass’s experience. For instance, Obama lived among the blacks as a child, attending schools that were mainly for blacks and poor people. As such, the education was not as good as the one offered to the children of the whites and wealthy people (Atwater 124). Parenting and identity Challenges in parenting and search for personal identity also emerge as some major themes in the two books. For instance, Douglass did not know his father, but it was rumoured that he was the son of his white master. According to Douglass, slave children hardly knew their origins, dates of birth and relatives because they were normally separated from their relatives early in life. For instance, the white farmer separated the child (Douglass) from the mother probably to avoid any disclosure of the fact that Douglass was his biological child. Like other black slaves, Douglass did not know his origins, the exact date of birth or his parents.Ad vertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was a form of psychological challenge to the black communities. On the other hand, Obama experienced psychological torture trying to know his father. He was separated from his father after the parents divorced and the father returned to his native Kenya. His mother had little knowledge of his father’s origins and relatives, yet the boy wanted to know his real identity. Challenges in adulthood and career development In their youth and adult lives, both Obama and Frederick provide adequate evidence of the challenges that their skin colour created. In addition, they describe the limitations that racism had on career development. For instance, the lack of proper education in childhood, the quest for self-education and the need to escape from the farms were major challen ges in Douglass’s life. Although Douglass had the chance to escape from the farm, he had to wait for years because education was an important tool for the escaping slaves (Miller 54). The process of self-education was obviously long, which delayed his escape and made him a slave for a long time. Even after planning to escape, Douglass had to meet strict terms and conditions for leaving the farm. For instance, he says that he had to get only two dollars per week, work with â€Å"calking tools† and miss a number of other privileges. In addition, even after leaving the farm, he had to live like a fugitive slave. To buy his freedom, Douglass had to make endearing friendships, tour Europe and risk his life as an organizer of anti-slavery movements (Miller 73). On his part, Barack Obama faced problems as he sought to establish his career as a lawyer, educator and politician. First, his life as a youth and early adult was almost destroyed by the â€Å"†¦party lifestyle of drugs and alcohol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Obama 93). According to his narrative, most victims of drugs, alcohol and tobacco were the blacks and poor youths who were mainly unemployed, barely educated and hopeless (Obama 94). Like Douglas, getting education did not mean that Obama was free from the challenges of racism. For example, Obama had to face the negative perception of a black leader in his campaigns for election as the president of Harvard law review. Conclusion From this analysis, it is evident that racism has been portrayed as the main theme in the two books. Douglass’s story revolves around his life from slavery in Maryland to a pioneer activist, author and political leader. Similarly, Obama’s book shows his experience with racism as he struggles to fit in a society that has little regards for the blacks.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Atwater, Deborah F. â€Å"Senator Barack Obama: The Rhetoric of Hope and the American Dream.† Journal of Black Studies 38.2 (2007): 121-29. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York: Crown Publishing Inc, 1990. Print. Miller, James A. â€Å"Frederick Douglass 1818-1895† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1998. Print Obama, Barack. Dreams from My Father. New York: Random House, 2004. Print This essay on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama was written and submitted by user Nightmare to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Austrlia in Vietnam essays

Austrlia in Vietnam essays On the 3rd of August 1962, 29 Australian soldiers were flown to Saigon from Singapore. This marked the beginning of Australias in involvement in the Vietnam War. Australians served for ten and a half years in Vietnam, which was the longest war effort ever served by Australians. At its height Australian presence numbered 8,600 people. In all 50,000 Australian personnel served in the Vietnam War, of these 520 died and 2,400 were wounded. This war was the cause of the greatest social and political disturbance since the conscription referendum in World War One. The most commonly asked questions about this war are why was Australia involved in such a far off war, that seemed to have little to so with us, and how did the various groups respond within Australia. This report will confront the issues of the Vietnam War and answer these to vital questions in Australias history. Why Was Australia Involved in the Vietnam War? There are two main reasons why Australia fought in the Vietnam War, they are the so-called Domino Theory and the ANZUS treaty with the United States of- America. In 1954 US President Eisenhower coined this well-known theory. The Domino Theory stated that once one nation fell to communism it would almost definitely cause its neighboring countries to fall to the deadly clutches of communism. It was thought that this would continue causing a chain reaction, a reaction that mimics the falling of dominoes. As can be seen on the map to the left Australias proximity was very close to Vietnam so Australians believed that the only way to stop communism spreading to us was to fight against it in Vietnam. It was thought that the end point of this reaction was to be the southern countries such as Australia and New Zealand. This thought struck fear in the hearts and minds of the western world. In September of 1954 the minister for defence, ...

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Relationship Marketing in the UK Retail Sector

Relationship Marketing in the UK Retail Sector Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Overview Relationship marketing plays a significant role in the present market scenarios as it mainly illustrates the relationship among the customers and organizations. Relationship marketing is a form of marketing that evolved during 1970 and 1980s (Regis McKenna, 1991, p. 4). It mainly highlights the consumer satisfaction instead of focusing on sales transactions because these relationships will help the organizations in sustaining and supporting the technological edge of the company. According to Lisa A. Guion and Heather Kent (2005, p.1), Relationship marketing is the process of attracting, maintaining and enhancing relationships with key individuals over time. The marketer should act like an integrator where they must synthesize technological capability with the market needs and the marketer must be supposed to bring the customer into organizations. Customers mingle with the companies as participants for the adaptation and development of services and goods. So, the relationships are con sidered as the key point for the basis of customer choice and company adaption. Relationship marketing involves in using the one-on-one communication in earning the loyalty of customers (GUION, L. A., 2005). These relationships can be easily improved in the organizations if the marketing is part of everyones job description that is from receptionist to board of directors. This method integrates the customers in designing the products which in turn creates a substance in the relationship. Relationship marketing is the key point to be considered in the retail sector. Many of the countries have increased its growth due to retailing. Retailers interact with the final customer in a supply network, but they are both buyers and sellers of goods and services (Malcolm Sullivan and Dennis Adcock, 2002, p.3). Presently, there is a vast change in the retail industry and offers employment to more number of people. In these sector, retailer acts as a trader or dealer who sells the goods in small quantities. Retail sector will include various organizations related to different markets. Marketing in the retail sector can be improved only when there is a constant relationship between the customer and the organizations. Hence, it can be said that relationship marketing plays a vital role in marketing the goods in retail sectors. This marketing increase the growth of the retail sectors and further raises the market level of the country over the worldwide. In this thesis, the further sections include Literature review, Research methodology, Findings and Analysis, and Conclusions. In the Literature Review section it briefly describes about the retail marketing in UK, relationship marketing, approaches used for maintaining the relationship, types of markets and challenges that are faced by organizations. Research methodology section illustrates the approach that is selected for analyzing the relationship marketing in UK retail sector with the help of various case studies. Findings and analysis section discusses and analyzes the performance of maintaining the relationship marketing in various organizations. The last section draws the conclusions and recommendations. 1.2. Aims and Objectives Aim: To study relationship marketing in the UK Retail sector Objectives: To focus on retail and relationship marketing To identify the various approaches those are used by various sectors for maintaining the relationships between customers and organizations. Discuss the challenges that are faced in the retail sectors. To examine the experimental results of relationship marketing in different retail sectors. 1.3. Purpose of Study The main purpose of this research is to study the relationship marketing among the various retail sectors in UK. This report helps many of the organizations in analyzing the relationship marketing as it provides a clear idea on the retail sector and relationship marketing. Relationship marketing mainly focuses on the relationship among customers and organizations, rather concentrating on sales of goods. It will highlight the organization performance with respect to the relationship between industry and consumers. 1.4. Research Context The present research is done in relationship marketing as it consists of the customer service and improving the quality according to customers taste such that both the customers and organizations are profited in real drive. Relationship marketing is the secret of the successful business marketing (Jane F.Eastham, Liz Sharples and Stephen D.Ball, 2001). The research mainly focuses on the relationship of internal marketing, suppliers, requirements of the markets and there influences how they are co-related with each other (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). Maintaining good relationship between quality and the services provided by retailers has influenced new customers which have increased the growth of sales such that most of the organizations earn more and more profits (Martin Christopher, Adrian Payne and David Ballantyne, 2002. The present research work will be beneficial for business people who will gain a better understanding regarding retail market and helpf ul for the organizations that implement relationship management in gaining profits (Bob Stone and Ron Jacobs, 2007). It may be useful for the organizations as it may directly affect people who are involved in generating new ideas. So, the relationships are considered as the key point for the basis of customer choice and company adaption. Relationship marketing involves in using the one-on-one communication in earning the loyalty of customers (GUION, L. A., 2005). These relationships can be easily improved in the organizations if the marketing is part of everyones job description that is from receptionist to board of directors. This research integrates the customers in designing the products which in turn creates a substance in the relationship. Relationship marketing is the key point to be considered in the retail sector. With the use of retailing most of the companies have improved their growth vigorously. 1.5. Research Method According to Grinnell (1993), the word research is a combination of two syllables namely, re and search. Therefore, the meaning of research work can be taken as examining a particular thing again and again for achieving a systematic and faultless investigation in some kind of field that has been undertaken. The methodology of research work will focus on identifying the hidden problems of some field, determining solution for them and positioning the resulted data for reaching the conclusions of the research work (Ranjit Kumar, 2005). Case studies are selected as a suitable research methodology for the present research and researcher has to work hard in collecting the required data from different resources along with its evidences. In this type of research method, the gathered data is huge and many technologies have to be used for analyzing and organizing the data so as to reach the goals of the research work (Bill Gillham, 2000). Research Area: Here the research area considered is UK retail marketing where it illustrates retail and relationship marketing, challenges that are faced in the retail sectors and gives experimental results of relationship marketing in different retail sectors. Selecting Cases: Selecting cases is the critical step for any organization. UK market is very large and it became difficult here to select suitable cases studies for this research. At last this research considered two UK market leading organizations for the case studies including McDonald and Debenhams. Identifications: This is the next step in research approach where the researchers need to identify the state of relationship marketing in considered organizations. Those identifications are given in the research methodology chapter of this research document. Analyzing and monitoring results: An analysis must be taken after making research on any organization. And analysis must be monitor to understand the identification in the considered organizations. This research illustrates the analysis results with different types of graphs that can be understood by any person. Recommendations: There are some recommendations given in the fifth chapter of this research documentation based on the research experience. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1. Overview Relationship Marketing is a marketing strategy that is developed from the direct response marketing campaigns that emphasizes customer retention and satisfaction rather than the major focus on point of sales transaction. It is a form of marketing the will recognize the long term values for the firm and focuses on acquisition of new clients by targeting the majority demographics based upon the prospective client lists. The main idea behind relationship marketing theory is the identification of key drivers which influences important outcomes for the firm and a better understanding of the fundamental relations between service providers and customers (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). In the further sections of this chapter the retail marketing sector in UK is clearly discussed along with the relationship marketing in organizations with respect to six market frameworks. Creating and implementing the relationship marketing strategies and description of Relationship m arketing along with the applications is clearly explained followed by the discussion on types of markets by comparing and contrasting the various approaches followed in the organizations. 2.2 Retail Marketing Retailer is a dealer or trader who sells goods in small quantities or more. Retailing includes activities such as selling of products or goods and providing services to customers from a fixed location, which may be a departmental store or a boutique or by a mail in small or individual loads. Apart from these functionalities, retailing may also include services such as, delivery of products and goods. Retail Marketing is a process of buying and selling products or goods in the market. According to Philip J. Kitchen and Tony Proctor (2001) Retail marketing is mainly concerned with retail organization and it focuses on the application of marketing tools within its operating context. The retail marketing task is to deflect the customer in to the retail store and help to decide an appropriate compromise with regards store design, provision of services and customer desires (Malcolm Sullivan and Dennis Adcock, 2002). Retail marketing encompasses the activities involved in facilitating mutua lly beneficial exchange relationship between business organizations supplying goods and services and customers (Philip J. Kitchen and Tony Proctor, 2001, 264). Retailing marketing is a distribution channel function where one organization buys products from supplying firms or manufactures the product themselves, and then sells these directly to consumers (Retailing, 2009, p. 1). Retail marketing has its influence on the daily life of consumers and shopkeepers. Retailing is supported to provide utility to the customer and this comes from four different perspectives. These prospective can be explained as follows: Product utility This type of utility is about the form of a product that is acceptable to the customer. That is the retailer provides final end products, but not raw materials and products which are usable to customers. Place utility Retailing outlets will be available at places where the customers feel to be comfortable for their convenience (Malcolm Sullivan and Dennis Adcock, 2002). Time utility Retail outlets or shops are available at a time suitable to the customer. Ownership utility Retailers facilitate the transfer of ownership to customer depending upon the market situations (Malcolm Sullivan and Dennis Adcock, 2002). 2.2.1 Retail Marketing in UK Since the Second World War, UK has become a service company: that is, in terms of output and in terms of employment. Many of the existing features of UK retailing are well known to the general public who has observed substantial changes in shops. Retail marketing is a highly dynamic industry in UK and it reflects the changes in rest of the society. With customer require patterns are affected by changing demographics and changes in incomes, customer credit and growth in part-time labor. Customers are comparatively affluent, sophisticated and time-pressured and therefore demanding a service (Philip J. Kitchen and Tony Proctor, 2001). In 1970s, most of advertisers are the manufacturing companies, such as Currys and comet in electrical sector, supermarkets and high street banks. Now, the situation has changed and the retailers are maintaining close relationships with their customers. The change of influence has developed in 3 different ways and they can be given as follows: Firstly, most of the retail groups in UK have grown to equivalent or gone beyond the manufacturing organization in both capacity and size. Secondly, with the severe changes in retail marketing, the stores of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"own-label merchandise have increased. Most of the stores are offering high quality and excellent value products. Third one is the development the market information. With the new technology like scanning restocking issues, the retailer can plan ranges, layouts and promotional details very precisely (Malcolm Sullivan and Dennis Adcock, 2002). There is revival of price competition in 1990s, accompanied by a string service significance. And there has also been an increase in retailer diversification (e.g., high street fashion retailers moving into catalogue selling and grocers into non-food products). In spite of the increasing globalization of retailing, this is still usually the national environment, with its institutions, culture, and dictatorial framework. The UK retail market has experienced a dramatic re-shape in the year of 2004. This re-shape has been led by the achievement of Safeway supermarket chain by Morrisons, which has created the countrys fourth biggest retailer. The UK biggest retailers are Tesco and asda and next are the Sainsburys. With the achievement of the Safeway supermarket chain, Morrisons is in the fight for the third place with Sainsburys (Graduate Prospects, 2009). Over the next five years, the UK retail Market is in a position to increase its size by 15%, taking its value to just over  £312bn (Datamonitor, 2009). But this represents a slowing down of annual growth and with increase in cost of credit and operating costs; the UK retail sector faces challenging times. The companies will suffer who cannot compete against shrinking margins. Among the UK retail market sector, electrical sector is the best performer with a growth of 24 % (Datamonitor, 2009). Hence, from the above discussion it can be understood that the retail marketing is crucial to effectively communicate a business to its customers in order to sell the products, launch new products to the marketplace, and to capitalize on revenues and profits. 2.3 Relationship Marketing Relationship marketing is a process of attracting, enhancing and maintaining the relationships between the customers and managers in an organization. It mainly concentrates on increasing the life time value of customers and the strategies of relationship marketing mainly focus on the enhancement and development of relationships with a number of key marketings. Relationship marketing will maintain the internal marketing relationships as well as external marketing relationships with suppliers, customers, referral sources, employees and recruitment markets (Adrian Payne, Martin Christopher, Helen Peck and Moira Clark, 1998). According to GRONROOS, C. (1994, p.421), relationship marketing is defined as Marketing is to establish, maintain and enhance relationships with customers and other partners, at a profit, so that the objectives of the parties involved are met. This is achieved by a mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises. These relationships are of two types in the marketing fie ld. First one is for attracting the customers and another one is to develop the relationships with customers for achieving maximum profits in the organizations (GRONROOS, C., 1994). But, According to ZEITHAML, V. A. and BITNER, M. J. (2000, p.30), Relationship Marketing (RM) is defined as Relationship Marketing is a philosophy of doing business, a strategic orientation that focuses on keeping and improving current customers, rather than acquiring new customers. Hence, from the above discussion it can be understood that relationship marketing plays a vital role to develop the organization by maintaining the relationships between consumers, suppliers and managers. RM is communicated closely with customers in order to improve a beneficial, mutually, continuous and long-term relationship. RM is a philosophy where it assumes that customers are maintaining the relationships within a single organization rather than selecting the different organizations. It is a consistent application up-to -Date Knowledge of consumers to service and product design. Six markets framework in Relationship Marketing Relationship Marketing contains six marketing models for improving the relationships between customers and company. These markets maintain the relationship between many organizations as well as within the organization. The six marketing models are considered as the central point of Relationship Marketing and the importance of these models is discussed as follows: (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). Internal Markets Internal marketing maintains the relationships between employees in the organization. It mainly concentrates on the issues like why and how the employees are working in the organization to improve the effectiveness of an organization. In internal marketing, business to business marketing information can be examined. Thus, observing the employee behavior in the organizations is necessary to estimate their performance and the examined information is useful for managers to take decisions. Customer Markets In this marketing, it maintains the relationship with customers. It supplies products and services to two types of customers. They are consumers like end purchasers and trade customers like retailers and their relative power is to determine which sort of relationships are cultivated more continuously (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). Referral Marketing It develops a plan for referral motivation and can be characterized based on the type of relationship. If Referral market has high credibility factor, then it can be considered as a decisive element and it is considered as customers, if the consumers enter into this markets with formal and informal referral agreements between themselves and suppliers of corresponding services and products. Thus, the relationships in this market need to be fair, open and well defined in the areas (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). Thus, from the above discussion it can be understood that planning is necessary to take the further actions within the organizations. Referral Marketing can prepare perfect plans in the organization. Recruitment Markets This is also called as Employee Markets. Employment is becoming a part of an organization. It is a market related task so that it maintains the relationship with educational institutions, labor unions and recruitment partners. From the above discussion it can be stated that Recruitment Marketing plays an important role in developing the organization. The performance of the company can be improved by recruiting the best employees. Influence Marketing It is closely linked with the decision-making department within the organization because it influences the relationships in the organizations internally as well as externally. This market consists of different types of sub markets like stockholders, government agencies and consumer associations (Soren Hougaard and Mogens Bjerre, 2003). Thus, it also considered as an important marketing model in the organization because well defined decisions are useful for the company to get more profits. Supplier Markets In recent years, improving the relationships with the suppliers is considered as a great deal in the organizations. Every organization need to maintain contain the relationship with suppliers because marketing system approach contains downstream as well as upstream activities. This approach matched with the developments within the Supply Chain Management (SCM). Supplier Markets deals with the supplier issues in the organization (Soren Hougaard and Mogens Bjerre, 2003). Hence, it is necessary to maintain the relationship with the customers to get the mutual benefits in the organization and every marketing business needs long term relationships to improve the performance of the markets. 2.4 Creating and implementing the relationship marketing strategies According to NORMANN, R. and RAMIREZ, R. Marketing strategies provide the intellectual frame work, conceptual models and governing ideas that allow company mangers to identify the opportunities for bringing value to the customers and for delivering that value at a profit (cited in Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999, pp. 407). These strategies are helpful for a company to define its business and links together. Relationship marketing implies relationship between the customer and buyer. Traditional marketing approach is based on management of the so-called marketing mix and relationship marketing rather than management of the stakeholder domains. Marketing strategies and planning approaches are influenced in the retail business environment. The relationship marketing values emerge from customers and consumer values. These customer and consumer values are an impact of various elements like people, process and proactive (personalized) services. People are the essential part of a company and consumers are motivating and training the employees to attract the customers for selling their retail business shares. Customer satisfaction is very important in this interaction process. Processes are the way for creating values for the customer. The core processes of retail business include new product development processes, customer management process, supplier management process and order fulfillment process (Helen Peck, Martin Christopher and Adrian Payne, 1999). Now-a-days, most of the retail markets are developed based on the customer supported services. Customer services include relationships between the suppliers and customers. Thes e services affected on the development of the retail firms and their customers to face market competitors. Customer services are helpful for the retail organizations and thereby increasing the share value in market. The relationship marketing strategies are defined by the implementation methods. These implementation methods are based on the sub system to improve the organization processes and relationships (Alain Ferrand and Scott McCarthy, 2008). Hence these three elements of the marketing can affect the marketing success and these elements are helpful while building up the relationship strategies. Implementation of relationship strategies is based on delivering and creating a value in retail business. This implementation involves many strategies. The first one is relationships in multiple stockholders this issue illustrates two models in the retail business and the models are relationship value management frame work and service profit chain. These models are helpful in market domains for understanding the relationships between the consumer and customer. The second one is selecting an appropriate relationship marketing strategies for different customers. Third strategy is detail planning within the six market models. Finally organizations make use of this relationship management (Martin Christopher, Adrian Payne and David Ballantyne, 2002). Achieving more profits for a retailing company is not an easy task and needs good customer relationship management. Customer relationship is the most important aspect in every market strategy. Marketing relationships are the living things in all types of businesses. If the company maintains good market relationships with their customers then automatically profits are obtained. These profits are obtained in the following ways (William M. Pride and O. C. Ferrell, 2004). By attracting new customers. By enhancing the profits of the existed customer. By increasing the customer relationship. Implementing the market relationship means exchange of relationships between the consumer and customer. Maintaining good relationship with customers is the main goal of many retail marketers. To maintain these relationships for a long time retail marketers are turned into the market research and information technology (William M. Pride and O. C. Ferrell, 2004). To create marketing strategies Customer Relationship Management (CRM) focuses on the customer information. Managing these relationships need to identify the buying behavior and consumer behavior with the customer. CRM is mainly focused on developing the company relationship capabilities. To improve these capabilities customer management leader must contain good relationship qualities with the customers (Bryan Foss and Merlin Stone, 2001). Hence from the above discussion it can be stated that implementation of marketing strategies depends upon customer interactions because profits for an organizations can be obtained by maintai ning good customer relationships. 2.5 Description of Relationship marketing and its applications In relationship marketing organizations mainly concentrates on customer satisfaction. Relationship marketing has lot of applications towards organization and customers. Organizations can maintain a long relationship with the customers through relationship marketing. Maintaining long relationship with the customers will be a benefit for both customers and organizations (Rajeev Batra and David Shepard, 1999). For any organization, though profit is the main motive they should also concentrate on customer needs. If organizations concentrate on quality and needs of customer then they can get the profits easily (Jakki J. Mohr, Sanjit Senguptha and Stanley F. Slater, 2004). Some of the applications towards the organizations for maintaining good customer relationships: Increased purchase If organization maintains a good relationship with the customer then they tend to buy more products. Organizations must ensure that the customers should remain interested and engaged in purchasing the product (Christian, 2008). Lower costs Sometimes organizations may decrease the cost of the product for attracting the new user and to maintain the existing customers. This decrease of costs will be a great benefit to both the customers and organizations. Customers can buy their products for low costs as well as the organizations can attract more customers. Life time value Good and loyal customers can generate life time value of a product or organization. If loyal customers buy the products in same organization throughout his life time then organization will get profits continuously (Shajahan, S., 2004). Sustainability Maintaining long relationships with customers is a great benefit to the organization. Customer may stick to one particular organization for a long time if organizations have good relationships with their customers. Through these long relationships with the customers an organization can give a good competition to other organizations. Organizations can sustain in the competitive market with good customer relationship. Word of mouth promotion To promote any product organizations needs lot of promotions and advertisements, for this it requires lot of money. But if organizations maintain good will in the market then the product will automatically promoted through customer referrals and mouth promotions. Employees job satisfaction Satisfaction of customers will bring satisfaction to the employees in the organization. If customer satisfied then the turnover of the organization will increase (Levitt, 2009). From the above discussion it can be understood that, all the applications towards the organization will lead to the profits of the organization. For any organization Profit is the ultimate goal. So ultimate goal of the organization can be achieved by maintain good relationships with the customers. Relationship marketing has been implementing in many organizations. For example, Meridien group of hotels used relationship marketing very effectively for satisfying the customers. Meridien hotels are established all over the world. This hotel is open to all the travelers all over the world. Meridian group of hotels recently launched a program called moments.com. By this program they are attracting the customers and they are finding the loyal customers. Before using relational marketing they used to implement the seasonal packages. But implementing relationship marketing is more advantageous than other methods. Now Merridian hotels are implementing the packages based on the customer needs but not on the seasons. They provided all the requirements for the customers within the hotel only. This made the customers to choose Merridian hotel as one of the best hotel in the world (SHAINESH, G. and Atul Parvatiyar, 2001). 2.6 Approaches for maintaining relationships among the customers and retailers Customer plays an important role in any type of business. The relationship between customer and retailer is maintained when customer is loyalty and satisfied. Further, developing the relationship retailers must and should have the total information about the customers (Margaret Bruce, Christopher Moore and Grete Birtwistle, 2004). But according to Robert H. Lowson, The relationship between customer service level and inventory of finished goods for low, medium and high vendor process time (2002, p.207), if the retail markets provide better services for the customer in supply of good in time that maintains a good relationship between them. But as some aspects the retails are unable to meet the requirements of the customer satisfaction. Some of the approaches for maintain relationship among the customers and retailers were as follows: Identify the customer Try to find out relevant customer that what the products and services they need they might be either internal or external customers and by maintain the data base of the customers (Greg Balanko-Dickson, 2006). Gaining customer attention-Try to attract the more and more customer by advertizing the product. Understanding customer needs-Try to understand the needs of the customer in detail regarding what they are, actually what is the need and what they do. Customer expectations-Try to clarity the customer exactly what the products are been delivered. Feedback of customers-Taking the feedback from the customer also helps a lot for the retailers, regarding the comments they mentioned and opine of the customer about the performance of the product and how useful to them (Kimball Fisher, R.Rayner and William Belgard, 1995). According to Gavriel Salvendy (2001, p.775), Relationship among manufacturers, suppliers, vendors, retailers and customers work together to provide a product that the customer wants at a price that the customer is willing to pay. By maintaining the quality of service in the production of goods at best price the market standards and retailers are trying t

Marijuana Use Should be Legal Essay -- Legalization of Marijuana

Marijuana Use Should be Legal The issue of the legalization of Marijuana is a never-ending battle that the country will never fully win. Marijuana should be legalized because it is a large part of the drug war, which will never come to an end. Society is in the midst of a time of anguish and skepticism of what will become of the nation. With all of the problems happening around us, the government and officials should begin to realize that the time and effort spent on battling the drug, marijuana, could be better used in other areas. One of the first issues of the legalization of marijuana is its comparison to alcohol. Since 1937, marijuana has been prohibited as a legal drug in the United States: â€Å"If the goal of marijuana prohibition is to stop Americans from using it, then it has failed, just like the other prohibition failed to make America a (dry) country† (Wikman). There have been many studies performed to try to prove that the effects of marijuana are worse than those of alcohol. Unfortunately, many of the studies found that marijuana is not as bad as many believe it to be. If one were to compare alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, it is found that the one with the least addictive power is marijuana (Schlosser, 1994, p.41). Alcohol has the potential to cause cirrhosis and tobacco is linked to lung cancer and heart disease yet, smoking marijuana is not directly related to any life- threatening diseases (Wikman). The country’s drug problem is also hurting the prison system. Prisons are already overcrowded and by incarcerating innocent people for minor drug violations, law enforcement is adding to prison population. The population of Americans living in prison has inc... ...marijuana would give our government more money and time to invest in other problems facing our society and nation. Works Cited â€Å"Feds Begin to Bend on Medical Marijuana.† The Science of Medical Marijuana Oct.2001. 4 Oct.2001 â€Å" Grinspoon, Lester. â€Å"Marijuana, The Forbidden Medicine.† 1997: Roesch Lib., University of Dayton., Dayton, OH. 1 Oct. 2001 www.netlibrary.com â€Å"Legalization of Marijuana Long Overdue.† Oct. 2001. 9 Oct. 2001 â€Å"New, Emerging Evidence of Marijuana’s Medical Efficacy.† The Science of Medical Marijuana Oct. 2001. 4 Oct. 2001 Wikman, Eric. â€Å"Prohibition and Marijuana: History Does Repeat.† Marijuana Policy Project 1995. 2 Oct. 2001

Jane Austen said of Emma ‘she is a character who no-one but myself will much like.’ Examine the idea of Emma as a likeable character

Jane Austen said of Emma ‘she is a character who no-one but myself will much like.' Examine the idea of Emma as a likeable character. On deciding my opinion of Emma from what I have perceived of her, I took into account the different influences when reading it. In the period when the book was written, the character of Emma would have been disliked by the audience whoever read it in Austen's time would have felt she is headstrong and could have been seen as a woman who rebels against society. This is shown in the novel when she is speaking to Mr. Elton and refusing his proposal, â€Å"believe me, sir, I am far, very far, from gratified in being the object of such professions.† In this time women were influenced by society to marry for wealth in order to secure their future. The author's opinion on Emma is â€Å"she is a character who no-one but myself will much like.† However these very same characteristics would be viewed by the modern world as acceptable because more women in today's society are found to be more independent and are headstrong. Reading through the book at different points, we can see the many flaws and strengths Emma has a character. As a reader we notice how she is a loyal friend and considerate both towards Harriet and her father Mr. woodhouse. But we also see how she can be manipulative to Harriet and thoughtless to miss bates â€Å"it was as much as Emma could bare without being impolite.† The idea of the author describing the situation by using the bare would suggest to us that the predicament she is in; to her is something very bad and difficult to get out. The reason the author chose this was to get the readers to understand what Emma's feelings are at that point, being there and listening to miss bates, at this point I empathize with Emma, she is being patronizing but polite towards miss bates. It's in this chapter 43 where she finds miss bates dull, but to say those things in her society would be frowned upon. However in certain times of the book I find Emma to be too full of her and should learn how to respect others. Although generally my opinion of Emma would be that I like her and the character she is, is believable as her characteristics are found in all of us. Even if the book may portray the other characters in another way not showing the reader what they are truly like so we cant judge Emma's actions against theirs. I find Emma to be a typical human by the way she acts. Emma has her own opinions and voices them out if what others are saying or doing her is against. This shows Emma as a strong minded individual and doesn't believe in the way society is governed, to me as a reader, it seems that Emma is restrained and held back by society. When studying at the character of Emma in the period of Austen, the readers may approach Emma differently. Their views and opinions of her may change due to the way the society of their time worked. The fact that Emma was rude publicly to miss bates where she voiced out her opinions of her, â€Å"ah ma'am, but there maybe a difficulty. Pardon me – but you will be limited as to number – only three at once.† in this sentence you can see that when Emma says this, there is hardly a pause and that the thoughts come easily to her but what she says is not justified for in the period this was written if certain members did not cooperate with each other they were taught to refrain themselves from speaking nastily about them out loud. People in Austen's society, when reading this book, would disapprove of Emma when she talks about her feelings towards marriage. At this point, us the audience can now see Emma at a different perspective, we now see how selfish she is capable of being when she declares that she will marry Mr. knightly for love and not wealth but advises her friend Harriet to marry for social status on page 48. This links to when Harriet tells Emma that she plans to marry Mr. Martin for love but Emma dismisses this idea and encourages Harriet to find someone else and marry them for wealth. However Emma's feelings change yet again when Harriet confides in her and tells Emma that she believes to be in love with Mr. knightly, here we see Emma change moods and projects Harriet to be beneath Mr. knightly and that she does meet the expectations. This is where Emma clings to established idea only when it suits her, but does turn against them, to the readers it would suggest to them that Emma is confused about where she stands and what she wants to believe in. she seems as though her character is rather fickle. At the time when this book was written women were expected to marry mainly for wealth and social status in order to secure their future and well being. But in the 19th century at the time when this was being written, there had been a huge change in the social structures because of heightened industry. New money had been introduced and began to make its mark; Austen satirizes this least confident, most pompous part of society such as the Coles. Rank was determined by family history and not current wealth. Mr. Weston is of good family but is not a historical landowner. This is where Emma clings to established ideas only when it suits her but does go against them. People reading Emma in Austen's time would find Emma too headstrong and seems to have no respect. This also links to when Harriet wishes to marry Mr. martin for love but is persuaded by Emma to refuse him and marry someone else who is financially secure, however when Emma finds out about Harriet's feelings towards Mr. knightly, Emma's mood switches and makes Harriet sound as though she is beneath him and not good enough. One incident in the book where Emma shows this is when Mr. Weston marries Miss Taylor â€Å"a portion less governess.† Emma also illustrates her changing attitudes in society as well when Emma is distasteful of the Coles and Mrs. Elton who have come into money only recently and here Emma refers to that by commenting â€Å"she bought no name, no blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in this quote Emma uses blood in a very personal context about people now becoming wealthy, she sticks to old hierarchical values which shows she lacks forward thinking. In Austen's period men were allowed to make matches with no money and social security if the woman was pretty and accomplished. With this attitude in today's society because woman now have a near equal status, the idea wouldn't be welcomed and maybe frowned upon by us. Also both partners are expected to have some money and had an education. In chapter 8 it backs up my point as Mr. knightly is arguing with Emma about influencing Harriet's decision in marrying Mr. martin because Harriet's background is unknown and its because of this that none of the characters can make a true judgment as who will be best suited to Harriet. Here it shows one of Emma's faults as she is quick to judge without knowing all the facts. We would perceive her as more of the type of person we would associate with our modern society, as well as looking at the people around us in our world and comparing it to the time the book was written; over the years women have grown more independent and it is seems clearly in our society. Women are seen to be more head strong and focused for what they are aiming for in life, and the character of Emma enforces this. She had formed her own opinions of people and had admitted that she is quite happy to match make even if others disapprove. â€Å"I have none of the usual inducements of wanting to marry†¦fortune I do not want, employment I do not want†. Emma's thoughts of marriage and love is put to the reader she also refuses to acknowledge about the qualities men look for in a wife, such as security and for the women to be pretty and accomplished. Her refusal to these codes, caused problems between men, and relationships. This idea could be linked to when she refuses Mr. Elton as she does not love him and is also not prepared to commit herself to him. Mr. Elton is a wealthy character and in Austin's time Emma would have been expected to marry him. In today's society, many young single women take an interest in their friend's future and also match make, but in our time it is very much welcomed. Also in our modern environment people of become less shallow about wealth and appearance, and when they marry, they marry for love and not wealth, compared to Austin's era. Touching on the idea that Emma is more ahead of her time in the opinions of love and marriage, we ourselves look back and see her character as normal for most of her actions are exactly what we today would feel, such as being honest about our feelings of other people, whether we like them or not. As well as advising or helping our friends, choose partners. When Emma is helping her friend Harriet by introducing her to gentlemen, people in Aust in's time as well as our society would approve of her doing that. At the period of time, the author was writing, she was at that point single and un-married. She had strong feelings against loveless marriages and with these emotions Jane Austin has established her characters, for instance she herself is written as Emma, Miss Taylor's role is idealized and Jane Fairfax; her position is more realistic as her outcome/marriage to Frank Churchill is looked upon as unlikely. She focuses on Emma's character to put across to the readers, her views on marrying for love as the outcome for Emma is that she marries Mr. Knightly for love. With Austin's female characters she removes them from actual society and romanticizes. The readers expectations of a happy ending is marriage, Emma is shown to have learnt that marriage is good. Could Austin be shown to be ironic? I think that at the time Austin was writing most, if not, all stories finish with a happy ending and it was unusual if they did not. I also, have the idea that the reason why she chose Emma to fall in love and then marry, is that she probably wanted to show people in her society that it is possible to stop caring so much about money and to marry someone you care about. However, when I contemplate this idea I begin to wonder, why, if my theory is correct in some way, that she chooses Emma to act peculiar and show her clinging onto establish ideas when it suits her. Most women in Austin's period would not have been troubled or confused about their feelings towards their marriages and the gentlemen they married, where as Emma at one point asks herself for a clear answer about what she feels for Mr. Churchill. â€Å"I will certainly not persuade myself to feel more then I do†¦he is undoubtedly very much in love everything denotes it very much in love indeed†. By ending the story happily its suggests to the reader as well as taking into account Austin's views, that perhaps Austin is wanting this in her own life, such as to find a gentleman she loves and marry. There are two explanations as to why Austin is doing this, it could in away be that the author feels threatened in someway, that she may never marry as she is turned against society for promising to marry for love and with this idea she uses Emma to portray what she wishes. The other explanation is taken from a modern point of view that Austin is looking at the realistic side of marriages, such as love and not the materialistic side, for readers of today would respect Austin and the character of Emma for feeling this way. By Austin making this promise to her she is in a way making a statement to her society by using Emma's character to mould Austin's emotions. By ending the story with Emma marrying, Austin in turn hopes that she will find a gentleman, that she loves and will eventual ly marry him. The position of Emma's character in the social hierarchy is that she is a daughter from a father who is a substantial land owner. She has been brought up in a well to do family, who has a history of wealth which they are flourishing in. It is from this situation that Emma has formed her opinions, on the ‘old' times and is distasteful to people who have recently come into money, due to the society shake up. When a woman, such as Emma is born into high society, she is expected to help the less fortunate, by attending to them and giving them food, which improves her character and it, is thought by doing this, it will help her have a better profile when marrying. Readers in Austin's period would agree with Emma helping the less fortunate, however in our society we would respect this charitable act. Although, the mentioning of the poor and needy, conditions in their time were largely missed out of the novel. But Austin writes of one visit to the poor, which is to heighten Emma's charity due to her command of the narrative. This is shown when Emma and Harriet pay a visit to Miss Bates house and offer help, also the topical issues such as social structures are held to irony and exaggeration. Because Emma is expected to be charitable she is also predicted to be nice to those lower in the social status such as Miss Bates. However, because of Emma's view on the resent monies and the people who h ave reaped the benefits and become rich, Emma acts pleasantly towards them, but in our society we would class that as an insult and snobbery. â€Å"With the father who is affectionate and indulgent† towards Emma. Would help us to understand Emma's view on certain things; possibly it is the father who has enforced the established ideas on Emma. From studying the characters of Jane Fairfax, Emma and Mrs. Elton, it gives me the impression that Jane Fairfax illustrates the positive side of Emma's character whereas Mrs. Elton is seen as the negative side of Emma's character. At the beginning of Chapter (20) the readers are introduced too Jane Fairfax â€Å"Jane Fairfax was an orphan† this setting makes you as a reader sympathetic towards Jane Fairfax. Continuing to read the chapter, readers learn of Jane's background and become aware of a more positive description of her character as opposed to Emma's character. As well as that Emma tolerates Jane and she accepts Jane into society but not the Coles who have recently become rich. The readers begin to get the idea that Emma recognizes Jane's attractiveness and becomes jealous of her, in chapter 20 â€Å"Jane Fairfax is elegant†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However when reading the description we seem to side rather with Emma and look upon Jane as too much of a good character and feel she is too superficial, this is my opinion from a reader of today. The reason the readers feel like this towards Jane is probably because the narrative style as Austen uses a narrative style that is omniscient, she writes in third per son so she is observing the action and development of the plot from the point of view of a central character and privy to her thoughts and feelings alone. The character of Emma is more believable as she has many faults like a proper human which are revealed through her actions and conversation. Picking out certain key quotes, I notice that maybe Emma is acting a bit harsh towards Jane â€Å"why she did not like Jane Fairfax might be a difficult question to answer.† Personally I don't think she is aware of how harsh she can be but needs to take control of feelings. In Austen's society, the readers would favor Jane over Emma as she would be seen as a better wife to look at but knowing Jane's background it would affect her chances for she was not born with money. Why readers of Austen's period would also like Jane's character more, is that the author doesn't write from Jane's point of view but only Emma's, so we cant understand any of Jane's feelings towards certain characters, whether she thinks nastily of them or highly. Another fault of Emma shown in this chapter is that we as the readers perceive Emma to be lazy â€Å"always d oing more then she wished and less then she ought.† To help us understand Mrs. Elton's character, we can look at the conversations between her and the other characters. I noticed that she is very tedious to talk to. â€Å"It was as much fun as Emma could bear without being impolite.† This once again illustrates Emma's character in a bad light; it's when Emma's shows the reader her capability of being rude to characters when its unprovoked makes me wonder if I do like Emma. Maybe Emma is nasty to Mrs. Elton; I don't think that both Austen's and modern society would disapprove as much for Mrs. Elton is shown not to be a likeable character. But with Jane the readers of Austen's society would feel it's unnecessary for she is a likeable person. The readers make their judgment of the characters from what they have been shown or given hints to by the author and from this we get the idea that both Jane Fairfax and Mrs. Elton seem like (2) exaggerated characters of Emma's personality. Emma's relationship with the male members of society differs from the personality of the male; for example when she is in the presence of Frank Churchill, Emma tends to act flirtatious and possessive therefore gives an immediate impression that she feels insecure and thinks that Frank is only there for her amusement (reference to this is in Chapter 43, page 361) As we read more about the different occasions Emma spends with Frank we assume Emma to fall in love with Frank and marry â€Å"if I find him conversable, I shall be glad of his acquaintance; but if he is only chattering coxcombi he will not occupy much of my time or thoughts.† After being around Frank Churchill Emma develops a judgmental streak in her personality as she becomes almost fanatical with looks and appearance (Chapter 18) the similarities between Frank and Emma is that they are both appearing to be critical on appearance because at a degree Frank also cares about looks (Chapter 23) Frank is flirting with Emma and flattering her. Emma likes to be around Frank when he is flattering her as it is more adult, (Chapter 43). At this point we sort of like Frank but wonder if he is false. The remarks he makes when complimenting characters does he truly mean them or is he just saying them to improve him-self and to make others like him. â€Å"Miss Woodhouse you have the art of giving pictures in a few words. Exquisite quite exquisite.† By giving the readers these certain hints it means that Austin can help trick the readers into believing that Frank is Emma's match for they are socially equal it is a far gone conclusion before he even enters the novel. (I.e. they are both socially and financially equal as well as being at a similar age). The conversation's between Emma and Frank shows Emma to be slightly immature and prone to speak her mind as opposed to when she is in the company of Mr. Knightly. Frank Churchill is a â€Å"dashing young hero† this makes him sounds a bit ruthless and insubstantial. However, Emma's relationship with Mr. Knightly is different the impression of Mr. Knightly is that he is a perfect hero, The two quotes that have been mentioned above clearly states that Frank Churchill is shown to be vain, whereas Mr. Knightly comes across as not. Mr. Knightly is virtually never wrong, as he shows clarity and insight in judging Emma as well as other characters. To us as a reader we feel we can trust and respect him for his thoughts and opinions. In (Chapter 8) we see Emma to be showing her faults as she takes criticism from Mr. Knightly. From my opinion by Emma becoming aware of her faults she can rectify them and therefore become a better person. But in Chapter 43 we see Mr. Knightly giving opinions and not criticism he is honest and admits to not liking Frank Churchill to which the readers of Austin and today's society would respect, however when Emma admitted to not liking Miss Bates, she was frowned upon because Miss Bates character was portrayed as old and pathetic. When Mr. knightly is dancing with Harriet, he is trying to almost prove to Emma that he would do any thing for her but I doubt the readers would pick this little hint up as they fell its an act of kindness. We also read a different persons opinion of frank Churchill's character â€Å"Mr. knightly who for some reason had taken an early dislike to Mr. Churchill.† It's as if by reading this quote that the author is patronizing and suggests that frank is harmless for the way which he shows kindness is through flattery. Austen is demonstrating irony. The irony in Emma's belief that she is the centre of everyone's intrigues when she is in fact blind to her own feelings she has of Mr. knightly. I think as a reader I would say I much rather prefer Emma's character when she is in the presence of Mr. knightly as she more grown up by realising her mistakes and able to take criticism in chapter 8 but when in the company of frank Churchill Emma is somewhat childish and more prone to speak her mind in chapter 43, she is inclined to feel jealous as she is of Jane Fairfax when invited to the Coles party in chapter 25. Emma's relationship with her father, he is overprotective of her â€Å"affectionate and indulgent father.† But they are very close to one another for when the readers are told about the proposal of Mr knightly to Emma she has trouble to say yes as she wishes to remain near to her father and live near to him in chapter 50. Emma is selfless in relation to her father. The connection with Emma and miss bates the harmless spinster who is the aunt of Jane Fairfax. She is sweet and tempered but tedious due to incessant chatter. In chapter 43 the readers see another side to Emma as she acts unkindly towards miss bates. It illustrates to us that Emma doesn't think before acting but later regrets the things which she has said. Yet the reader can't clarify whether Emma apologises for herself of Mr knightly. We are shown the extent of Emma being headstrong we therefore feel sympathy for miss bates but can see how she can be intensively annoying because of the narrative style. Although in Austen's period when women were not allowed to speak out of tone publicly but the character of Emma is shown otherwise, I feel in a way that I respect Emma more and she is presented to the readers that she is ahead of her time. Emma reflects the values of Augustan society which was written 100 years before the novel was written. In the 19th century at the time when Austen was writing there had been a huge change in social structures. New money was beginning to make its mark and more people were becoming rich. It's this that Austen satirises this least confident and most pompous part of society. Mr knightly and Mr Woodhouse are substantial landowners. The ‘new rich people' now associate themselves with the historical landowners and its because they have only just come into money that Emma is distasteful towards them but Emma clings to established ideas as and when it suits her; She accepts Harriet of whom a financial background is a mystery where as she isn't fond of the Coles. â€Å"The Coles were respectable in their way, but they ought to be taught that it was not for them to arrange the terms on which the superior families would visit them.† From a modern perspective I would see this as snobbery and for me puts Emma in a bad light whereas in Austen's point in time it may have the opposite effect for they would see Emma as obeying the society rules. I gather that Emma would have the satisfaction in dismissing the invitation but hearing of others going and wanting to be the centre of attention she partakes, this idea relates to my point I made about clinging to traditional designs when it suits her. Harriet smith is seen as Emma's project and a â€Å"lady of unknown birth.† She is more in charge of her heart then Emma. Throughout the novel the readers can clearly see that both Emma and Harriet are close friends; Emma is very considerate of Harriet and loyal. In chapter 7 Emma influences Harriet on rejecting Mr Martin's proposal because Emma fears for Harriet's financial situation when marrying Mr Martin. This could be seen in two different ways as it shows emma trying to good friend as she thinks of Harriet's future however some readers may think this hypocritical of Emma; after reading the book and looking back at this point once Emma has declared she will marry for love and not money but advises Harriet to marry for money and not love. Austen is trying to comment on a society interested in social structures not values and personality. With mrs Elton she marries for money even though she is quite wealthy whereas mr martin who doesn't seem to care about the social structu res or the social statuses involved he wishes to marry for love. Emma has many flaws and weaknesses and suffers from humility (chapter 43, criticism from mr knightly) and self knowledge both of which she lacks at first but through the novel she gains in her journey in adulthood. One of her weaknesses is that she manipulative in chapter 7 on influencing harriets decision but could be seen as caring for harriets future. She is shown to be thoughtless towards miss bates but might be turned into emma being headstrong and not following a trend with others. I generally think emmas character means well in what she does throughout the novel. I see emma as a genuine character because she has flaws in her personality which are resolved but because they are I don't find her as interesting in towards the end of the novel. From a person of 100 years ago when the book was written I would say that they would've have liked emmas character because of her flaws and the way they are displayed to the reader.